What causes suicide: the 3 factors
Suicide isn't too complex to understand. What's complex is our human experience. We are all at the greatest risk when we experience these three factors at the same time.
What causes suicide?
Simple answer
Extreme distress, isolation and a shift in belief, experienced at the same time.
Deeper understanding
Extreme distress
It isn't always caused by a major life event. Pay attention to words and actions: someone in extreme distress tends to fixate on one thing being a problem, or on everything being a problem.
Isolation
It isn't simply spending time alone. Do they seem detached? Do they find it hard to fully be themselves without fear of judgment, shame or ridicule? We can feel isolated even in a crowded room.
A shift in belief
This is when someone begins to believe the world is no good, that they will only ever feel pain, that they are a burden and everyone would be better off without them, or that they are unworthy of love.
How to use this in everyday life
- Have regular, comfortable conversations about the three factors.
- Check in with yourself and the people around you.
- If you notice all three, slow down, offer stability and remind them they are loved. The SIT Method can help.
Remember: even if the problem someone is fixating on seems small, their distress is not.
Adapted from Dr. Thomas Joiner's Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (acquired capability, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness), shared in Jenny's own words.
Next: the 3 factors that reduce the risk of crisis →
If you or someone you know is thinking about suicide, call or text 988 (US) or text HOME to 741741. If someone is in immediate danger, call 911. More resources
This resource is educational and not a substitute for medical or mental health care. © Thrive Education · jennythrasher.com